The Clark         Law Office

The Michigan Supreme Court recently made a ruling regarding the legality of medical marijuana patients and driving.  Previous to this ruling, all patients were breaking the law simply by driving due to the lack of definition in the MMMA.  Since there was no definition for “under the influence” stated in the Act passed in 2008, any trace of marijuana in the blood was enough to bring a criminal charge for an OUI.

The new ruling, which came out recently, states that medical marijuana patients are not breaking any laws by simply having any amount of THC in their system.  Obviously, this is a big victory the medical marijuana community, but you can expect more changes to come in this area of the law soon.  The ruling did not give any metric or measurement of THC which would be driving “under the influence”.

“This case could have been easily resolved if the (law) had provided a definition of ‘under the influence”.  The supreme court justices noted that the law was insufficient, but this is old news to anyone keeping up to date with the law and the industry as a whole.  They also advised lawmakers to set a legal limit much like that is in place for alcohol and personal breathalyzer tests.  Easier said than done.

Michigan is not the first state to address this issue and some states have a set limit of 5 nanograms.  This arbitrary limit would be equivalent to the .08 BAC level for alcohol.  But a real problem occurs when setting a limit.  THC behaves much differently from Alcohol in the fact that levels can build up with long term use.  A high nano-gram reading doesn’t necessarily correlate with being “under the influence.”  The current technology doesn’t address or account for this issue and there is no doubt this will cause problems resulting in a lot of innocent people being arrested.

For now…. if you are a medical marijuana patient in the State of Michigan, there is NO set nanogram level of THC which would result in being “under the influence”.  While there is currently a roadside sobriety test that police officers utilize for drugged driving, less than 1% of the nation’s officers are fully trained with the method.  This makes charging medical marijuana patients with drugged driving much more difficult.  Prosecutors will have to prove that the actual active ingredient or the drug itself was in your system, not just simply having a THC level higher than zero.  This will obviously have a large impact on the number of drivers arrested for drugged driving and you may be able overturn a previous conviction given the new ruling from the Supreme Court.  Overall, this ruling is a positive one for medical marijuana users in Michigan.

(TBI) Traumatic Brain Injuries Don’t Need To Pass “Injury Threshold”

There is no doubt that injuries received from an auto accident tend to be severe and the likelihood of a brain injury increases substantially when compared to other accidents or other common causes of injuries. Believe it or not, there are millions of brain injures every single year throughout the United States. Most Americans cringe every time they need to go the doctor because of the high medical costs, just imagine how expensive diagnosing and treating a serious brain injury is. As you probably already know, Michigan utilizes a no-fault system. Unfortunately, by agreeing and adopting to this type of car insurance, drivers are severely limited in their ability to bring a 3rd party lawsuit against the driver who is actually responsible. Most people don’t realize this fact, but it’s certainly true. While nobody that has sustained a brain injury is fortunate, Michigan does have an exception for this law by using what is called a traumatic brain injury exception. Under normal circumstances, an injured victim must prove that that the injury passes a certain “threshold”. If the victim has a brain injury, then this threshold no longer applies to the injury.

Michigan Closed Head Exception Applies to Brain Injury Victims

The official term for this waived exception is the closed-head injury exception. I can’t get into the entire injury threshold which Michigan has, but all you need to know is that with a brain injury you no longer have to show that the injury was objectively manifested. Sounds simple right? Lawmakers and insurance companies have purposely made it extremely difficult to bring a 3rd party lawsuit even if your injury substantially alters your life. Anyways, objectively manifested means that under usual circumstances (no brain injury) that your injuries can be viewed or seen by others around you or your close friends/family. In other words it needs to be evident to others that you have a serious injury. Fortunately, Michigan lawmakers came to their senses and realized that some brain injuries are near impossible to detect by others. For this very reason, if you have suffered a brain injury from an auto accident you no longer have to prove the injury was “objectively manifested”.

TBI’s Are Usually Highly Contested By Michigan Insurance Companies

This exception is many times the difference between the ability to bring a 3rd party lawsuit and receiving a fair financial compensation or not being to able bring the lawsuit at all. It’s important to keep as many records following the accident and that you visit a doctor that specializes in head trauma. The more detailed and organized your records, the easier it is to show that you have indeed suffered a brain injury. For more information about brain injuries and the closed-head exception in Michigan, please call us today at (517) 347-6900 for a free consultation.

The State of Michigan has some of the harshest laws in the country when it comes to cracking down on drunken driving and for good reason, it’s dangerous.  We are even one of the few states that have enacted a Super Drunk Law which targets driving with a blood alcohol content over .17. We have provided some interesting statistics for both drunk driving and also the corresponding consequences you may be facing after a DUI charge.

A drunken driving charge is not something that should be taken lightly and it should be considered a serious crime since the courts treat it this way as well.  In reality it’s one of the few serious legal charges that most people could be facing during their lifetime.  The results of this charge can potentially change your life and it’s important that you stay informed of the laws and your rights.  Defending drunken driving charges can be quite complicated due to the simple fact that most of the evidence obtained against you is scientific in nature.  For this reason alone, you should contact an attorney familiar with the intricacies of Michigan DUI laws and the experience that it takes to successfully defend a complex DUI charge.  For more information regarding drunk driving in Michigan, click here.  We hope you find this infographic helpful!

Michigan No-Fault Law has recently come under heavy scrutiny by republican lawmakers claiming that reform is required to stave off insolvency to the Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association Fund.  As a reminder, the MCCA fund is created through residents taxes and is responsible for paying injured car accident victims’ medical expenses once the medical costs rise over $500,000.  Your own insurance currently covers the cost of medical expenses up to this $500,000 amount.

Just today, the MCCA announced a rate increase of 6%.  Last year they increased rates by $30/per insured vehicle and this 6% increase equals roughly another $11/per insured vehicle.  The MCCA claims that this increase is meant to fight the rising costs of Michigan’s unlimited lifetime medical expenses, but there is not one shred of proof showing these increases are necessary or how they are even calculated.  Is it just a coincidence that the MCCA decided to increase rates during talks of no-fault reform??? Think again……

This is clearly a scare tactic used to create fear that Michigan residents will pay EVEN more if we don’t do something drastic.  If this insolvency or shortage of fund was real they would be more than happy to share that information.  The very fact that they are unwilling to disclose any financial information should be telling by itself!  The fact of the matter is that they are raising rates just to scare residents and we have absolutely no way of finding the REAL TRUTH.  This “major situation” could easily be fixed if we would just have the facts, but instead they are appealing the decision that they have to comply with the freedom of information act.  Is this something that a normal company/person would do when facing bankruptcy???  Major corporations are required to publicly disclose balance sheets, income statements, statements of cash flows, and more.  Do Insurance companies have this sort of oversight?  The short answer is no even though these insurance companies are banking billions of dollars.  The only way to have a positive informative discussion on the current status of no-fault and the MCCA is for them to disclose rate calculations and how much is left is the fund.  That would just make too much sense, why would we actually want to fix the underlying problems.

A new bill was just introduced that is attempting to cap medical expenses at $50,000.  We would go from unlimited lifetime medical benefits to $50,000.  If you or someone you know has had surgery or been in an auto accident you know just how quickly this will be exhausted.  What is someone to do when your medical expenses go past this amount?  Well they don’t want to talk about that.  In most states you’d be able to sue the other driver responsible, but in Michigan your ability to sue the other driver is extremely difficult and even harder too prove in a court of law.

If lawmakers really want to cap medical benefits at $50,000, they are severely limiting your ability to get medical expenses paid and there is no talk of changing the injury threshold for making a 3rd party lawsuit.  Currently, you must prove that your injury is a serious impairment of a bodily function in order to sue the negligent driver instead of your own insurance company.  In states without no-fault there is no such restriction.   If Michigan is going to cap first party benefits (medical expenses) and not change or increase your ability to sue the driver at fault, then there is no point to keeping no-fault.  We would be much better off with an at-fault system, which is unfortunate, but it is the harsh reality.

The insurance companies don’t want to change to an at-fault insurance system because they would make LESS money.  It’s much easier to cap your benefits and limit your ability to sue the negligent driver.  They limit their own risk to pretty much zero while increasing profits, not exactly fair to the residents paying the highest premiums in the country.  This way they don’t have to hire a lawyer to fight most of these cases and actually pay when they are required.  Take some time to inform yourself about this Michigan no-fault reform, it really could change your life forever.

Even though this hasn’t been covered by many news outlets, there is a set of senate bills that hopes to increase the transparency on how exactly the Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association calculates their rates.  They were introduced last month without much notice from anyone.  Governor Rick Snyder has openly stated that he wants to focus on No-Fault Reform, but WE want to make sure that any change would be beneficial to the residents of our state.  Seems fair enough right?  The only way to make informed logical decisions is to have the facts when making these decisions!  Rick Snyder has been mute about this MCCA rate calculation “secrecy” issue when he should be leading the fight for more transparency.  How can he possibly make this decision for Michigan residents when there is no access to the information supposedly responsible for needing reform?

What Role Does The MCAA Play in No-Fault Law?

If you are unfamiliar with the complexities of Michigan No-Fault Law, here is a quick overview of the MCCA.  Under No-Fault Law in Michigan, your own insurance company covers your first party expenses which include medical related expenses for the life of your injuries.  If an accident or injury is particularly severe, it’s possible that medical costs over the victim’s lifetime will surpass $500,000.  This is where the MCCA fund starts to play a role.  As I just stated, your insurance covers the 1st party benefits up to $500,00 and this MCCA fund covers medical expenses past the $500,000 to make sure the victim can live a relatively normal life without going bankrupt due to these high medical costs.  Here is where the battle begins.  The MCCA claims that this fund is low and these serious injuries are causing them to hurt financially thus making this unsustainable into the future.  While this sounds like a valid point, it just simply isn’t true.  They have no accountability and can increase rates without showing any reasoning or evidence to do so.  They have refused to divulge this information multiple times over the last year…..I wonder why?

These senate bills (102 and 103) aim to hold the MCCA accountable for their rate calculations and make the public aware of the REAL financial situation of Michigan auto insurance.  We as taxpayers who fund this claim deserve to know how much money is in the fund and how they are calculating our insurance rates, which are now the highest in the country by the way.

New Ruling Makes Michigan Dispensaries Illegal

A ruling was finally made by the Michigan State Supreme Court regarding patient to patient transfers of medical marijuana, and the 62% of the voters who passed the MMMA in 2008 aren’t going to be happy.  The overall vote was 4-1 in favor of making these transfers illegal which also makes it illegal to sell through private establishments.  This ruling essentially makes dispensaries and anything similar illegal under the State’s Michigan Medical Marijuana Act (MMMA) which was passed back in 2008.  The only way to legally obtain your medical marijuana is to either grow it yourself as a registered cardholder or have it grown by a designated cardholder that is also licensed as a caregiver under state law.  Patients cannot transfer medical marijuana between themselves.  A large reason that dispensaries became a large target is that they were facilitating patient-patient transfers and this was not liked by Michigan lawmakers.  There are approximately 125,000 cardholders in Michigan and only 20% also are licensed as a caregiver.  Just based on these rough numbers alone, it’s easy to tell that this ruling will have a significant impact on the Michigan medical marijuana community.  It’s clear that changes will be need to be made by some to conform to the new changes based on the interpretation of the 2008 MMMA Law by the Michigan Supreme Court.

How Did The Michigan Supreme Court Justices Vote?

I did some digging around to find out how the Judges voted on the decision and found this article by The Morning Sun and here’s the quote from Supreme Court Justice Michael F. Cavanagh, “Rather, I would hold that when a qualified patient transfers marijuana to another qualified patient, both individuals have the right to assert immunity,” Cavanagh said. “Furthermore, as a result of the majority’s erroneous interpretation of (part of the MMMA), the majority improperly concludes that any facilitation of the transfer of marijuana from patient to patient is unlawful and enjoinable as a nuisance.”  Unfortunately, the other 4 justices didn’t see it this way at all.  Their interpretation is that the MMMA doesn’t give protections to anybody except caregivers that are registered through the state program and their respective medical marijuana patients.

What Medical Marijuana Case Was This Appeal Ruling About?

The original case involved a dispensary in Mt. Pleasant which was shut down or raided.  More specifically, it involved a dispensary called the Compassionate Apothecary which was in Isabella County, MI.   The dispensary itself facilitated patient to patient sales and they took a fee for arranging the transactions and transfers which was said to be near twenty percent.  The case had been appealed all the way up the Supreme Court over the last few years.

Most of the time, employees have no difficulties recovering from injury at the workplace.  Unfortunately, there are times when your injury will be contested directly by your employer or within your state’s workers compensation process.  This denial of workers comp benefits usually occurs when you have a severe injury and it’s apparent that your recovery will be costly due to high medical bills and a long rehabilitation.  If this happens to you, you may benefit from consulting with a lawyer that has experience in workers’ comp litigation.  This type of litigation is much simpler than injury cases and most personal injury law firms also handle comp cases.

As mentioned, the most obvious situation for consulting a lawyer is when your benefits that you deserve are being unrightfully denied.  There are a few other situations where an attorney can help including when you are told to return to work when it is clearly obvious that you are not ready or capable without subjecting your injury to further damage.  Another scenario injured workers often face is when they are denied for disability even though the evidence shows otherwise.

You may think that you have a good relationship with your company and/or employer, but there are still certain things you need to watch out for.  Most employers have been in and out of the workers comp process and are very knowledgeable how the law works.  Injured workers on the other hand usually have no experience with workers comp and don’t really know the specifics of how the laws work in their state.  If your employer tries to get you return to the job with a “custom created position” then you should immediately have red flags going off in your head.  Let’s say that you take this position that was created just for you since you’re not able to return to your normal position yet.  You may find out a month from now that this new “position” is no longer necessary and they are getting rid of it.  Now you find yourself unable to sue for the workers comp benefits you should have been receiving all along.  While this certainly doesn’t happen in every occurrence, it happens often enough that you should call an attorney experienced in these types of matters.  Another warning sign is if your employer sends injured workers to the same doctor and he has a “reputation” of misdiagnosing his patients.  Many times these unethical doctors are more worried about a good business relationship with the employer instead of objectively diagnosing injuries.

About The Author: David M. Clark is a leading workers compensation lawyer in Lansing, Michigan with 30 years litigation experience.  He is the lead attorney and founder of The Clark Law Office.

Have You Been Injured Due to Another Driver Running a Red Light or Stop Sign?

Red lights and stop lights are designed to manage traffic and keep drivers safe. Most drivers adhere to the rules of red lights and stop signs, but those who don’t can end up causing serious injuries and sometimes even fatalities. Unfortunately, many drivers disregard their own safety and the safety of others simply because they are in a hurry to get somewhere or they are distracted while driving and don’t even realize they failed to stop at an intersection. Just about everyone has run a red light or a stop sign on accident before, but some drivers that are speeding excessively or driving recklessly speed up during a yellow light and end up causing a major accident. Most accidents where a driver speeds up to avoid stopping at a red light are severe and cause serious injuries to both parties.

How Dangerous Are Car Accidents Caused By Running a Red Light or Stop Sign?

The Federal Highway Administrations claims that roughly 45% of car collisions take place at a road intersection and the cause is usually related to running a stop sign or running a stop light. This means tens of thousands of car accidents occur because a driver fails to stop at a red light or stop light and collides with another motor vehicle in the United States every year. With more and more people driving, we are dependent on red lights to keep us safe, and it only takes one mistake to cause a serious injury or fatality. Regardless of the reason for running a light, if you have been injured in a car accident due to another person’s negligence, you should talk with a Michigan auto accident attorney to make sure that justice is served and you receive the compensation that you rightfully deserve.

We Can Investigate The Accident and Preserve The Evidence

The insurance company for the negligent driver often denies any fault whatsoever, so it’s important that you contact a Michigan personal injury lawyer who routinely deals with insurance companies and will work hard to help you receive payment for your mounting bills related to the injuries you have sustained. These insurance companies have not become rich by happily writing you a check for your injuries; they fight tooth and nail to keep the money they have made, and you need an experienced attorney who knows their tricks and strategies well. The faster you retain a lawyer, the better chance we have at preserving evidence and strengthening your claim. We can hire reconstruction experts and investigators to make sure the truth is found and use this to your advantage during trial. Questioning witnesses, reconstructing the accident, and analyzing all the documents corresponding to the accident can help you get a favorable result for your case.

Get The Compensation You Rightfully Deserve

We understand that medical expenses, wage loss, and other costs related to the car accident can put you in a tough financial position and sometimes can even lead to bankruptcy if the accident was serious. You can trust us to make sure the driver does not go unpunished and that you get the compensation that you need and deserve.

Michigan’s No-Fault System Vs. The More Popular Tort Sytems

States across the country have all different types of auto insurance systems, but the main 2 include what are commonly referred as the no-fault system and the tort system.  I have dealt with both types of systems as my career as a personal injury lawyer since I have practiced in both Michigan (no-fault) and South Carolina (tort system).  In order to give you a better idea of how the two differ, here is a made-up example to help clarify the intricacies of the laws.  I feel this is the best way to express the concepts without making it too difficult to understand or becoming too confusing.

A Car Accident Scenario to Explain Both Systems

Let’s assume that there is a simple auto collision between two parties.  For simplicity sakes, the two driver’s names are John and Steve.  Steve is completely at fault for the accident and this is obvious to anyone at the scene including both drivers.  To make this example even better, Steve’s car was not only at fault for the accident, but his car happened to damage a building/home of a third party, let’s call the owner of the building Mark.  Mark was just sitting in his home when he watches Steve and his car knock through his kitchen wall.  So how would no-fault law treat this incident?  How would the tort-system treat this incident?  First let’s establish certain losses/injuries in which you can bring a recovery and then I’ll give a short explanation of how they are treated under both types of auto insurance laws.

• John’s Medical Expenses – John suffered some serious injuries and needs to have his medical expenses paid for.  Under no-fault law, John would simply notify his own insurance company and they are responsible for medical expenses.  Under the tort system, John would need to sue Steve and his auto insurance company to receive compensation for medical costs.
• John’s Loss of Wages or Income – Since John has suffered from injuries, he was unable to work for a few months.  Under no-fault law, John would get this compensation from his own insurance company although there are some restrictions.  Under the tort system, you must get this compensation from the other parties insurance company; in this case that would be Steve and his insurance policy.
• John’s Replacement Services – Replacement services are treated just like the lost wages.  Under no-fault, your own insurance company is responsible.  Under tort-law, the other parties insurance policy will cover these costs
• John’s Pain & Suffering (3^rd Party Benefits) – This is where the major difference occurs.  If this accident took place in a no-fault state, John would have a very difficult time getting any compensation for his 3^rd party case.  Since your own insurance company covers all medical expenses, wage loss, replacement services, etc. they (insurance companies) put in restrictions limiting their 3^rd party case exposure.  You must be able to prove that a “serious impairment of bodily function” threshold is met.  In a tort system, you can simply sue the other driver just like in no-fault but there is no “threshold” which you have to meet.  You need to prove negligence of the other driver.
• John’s Vehicle Damage – In a no fault state, you utilize what is called a mini-tort law which allows you to collect up to $500 if the other driver was negligent.  In a tort-system state, you will simply sue the other driver and there is no maximum which restricts your loss.
• Steve’s Compensation – Here is another major difference.  Since Steve was at fault for the accident, he is not entitled to any compensation in a tort system for medical expenses, wage loss, and replacement services.  If this happened in a no-fault state, Steve would get all of those expenses paid for by his own insurance company.
• Mark’s Home – This seems to be the one point of common ground.  If this occurred in Michigan, Mark would collect from the insurer of Steve’s Car or Steve’s insurer if he has no car insurance.  If this occurred in Georgia, Mark would seek compensation from Steve or his insurer.

About the Author: David M. Clark is a practicing auto accident attorney for over 30 years.  David is the lead attorney and founder of The Clark Law Office which has locations in Okemos and Lansing, Michigan.

What is Truck Accident Discovery?

Discovery that follows a Michigan truck accident is important to strengthen your case. Discovery is a process where lawyers obtain information from the other parties involved and can then use this information during the trial or settlement. Usually, discovery is used to collect important documents and interview key witnesses. If you have been involved in a serious truck accident, you should immediately call an experienced Michigan auto accident attorney who frequently handles cases that pertain to trucks. Truck law is much different than regular auto accident law and it is important to have an attorney who knows these differences and can handle your case uniquely.

How is a Truck Accident Case Different From an Auto Accident?

There are many more documents that will be used during trial in a truck accident case compared to an auto accident case. Truck drivers are held to a higher standard of care compared to regular residents driving an automobile. Truck drivers are only allowed to drive so many hours during the day in order to keep fresh and make sure that their driving ability is not lowered due to lack of sleep or being tired. Many good attorneys will also try to get cell phone records for the driver in question along with all types of fuel bills, freight bills, delivery receipts, and other invoices. Many of these documents will help determine if the truck driver followed proper procedures and safety regulations. As most people know, trucks must also follow law that requires the truck to be weighed frequently. Weigh stations are located along all highways and most trucks are required to stop. A good Michigan auto accident attorney will also look into the driver history and find information that may have led to driver misconduct. Some truck companies routinely use international travel and a good defense lawyer can request access to the border crossing reports from Michigan to Canada. This can help determine the time of the accident as well as how many hours the driver has really been driving regardless of what he may say or testify to. Make sure that when you hire an attorney, he knows the intricacies of trucking accident law in addition to Michigan auto accident law.